Tyre tread pattern types
Friday 11th October 2019
Despite their generic black, round and rubbery appearance, all car tyres are unique due to their individual tread patterns. Dependent on brand, manufacturer and intended performance capabilities, each tread pattern on every tyre is different. So, how do we know which tyres to choose? Learn more about the difference between tyre tread pattern types from our guide below.
What’s the difference between asymmetric tyres and directional tyres?
The purpose of tyre tread is to provide essential grip, traction and resistance to aquaplaning through the unique channels and grooves the tyre is designed with. There are three different types of tread pattern:
- Asymmetric
- Directional
- Multi-directional
Each of these tyres come with their own safety and performance advantages. So, what are the differences between the three?
What are asymmetric tyres?
Asymmetric tyres’ tread design means the tyre must be fitted the correct way around on the tyre rim. This is because the larger tread block must be on the outside edge in order for the tyre to work effectively. However, these tyres can be fitted to any position on the vehicle.
Suitable for both wet and dry road conditions, these tread patterns provide excellent handling and grip due to their construction. The tyre is designed by essentially mixing two different tyre patterns on the inner and outer edge of the tyre, which provides dual benefit to the driver. The inner tread pattern has a smaller tread block which provides better wet grip and aquaplaning resistance, whereas the outside tread pattern’s large tread block provides good traction in dry conditions.
What are directional tyres?
With not only a striking appearance from their typically arrowhead-like patterns, directional tyres are also great performers in wet weather and provide excellent directional stability. These types of tyres are designed for one specific direction of rotation only, meaning they must be fitted in this direction of rotation. If you’re unsure which direction to fit these tyres in, usually there is an arrow printed on the sidewall indicating the rotational direction, which will match the arrowhead-like pattern.
Often, winter tyres have directional tyre patterns as, with their one rotational vertical fitting, it means they’re experts in their field of tackling wet or slippery conditions, making them perfect candidates for handling snow and ice during the colder months.
What are multi-directional tyres?
Multi-directional, or symmetrical tyres, can be fitted either way round on the rim and to any position on the vehicle, with no loss in performance. This allows for flexibility when moving tyres around while exerting good overall performance characteristics.
The main distinct feature of multi-directional tyres is that they have the same tread block on both the outer and inner side of the tyre – allowing them to be fitted in any direction or position. They typically exhibit a simpler tread design, making them a more affordable choice – however, this can mean they do not perform as well in wet weather, as an asymmetric tyre would.
It’s important to note that you should never mix tread pattern designs across an axle. Tyres should be changed in pairs and on the same axle, so mixing an asymmetrical and a directional tyre on the same axle would be counterproductive to the performance of both of the tyres and the vehicle. Learn more about why tyres should be changed in pairs.
Still need help choosing which tyres are best for your car? Whether you’re looking for winter or summer tyres, or you’re interested in the benefits of all season tyres, our wide selection of tyres to buy online can help you decide. For further information, get in touch with one of our experts today and find your local Formula One Autocentre now.
